Overview

Analytical chemistry is one of the basic courses for the majors of chemistry, chemical engineering, etc. Students should know the development of analytical chemistry and master the fundamental principles and technologies of analytical methods after they learn the qualitative analytical methods and their principles, principles of spectroscopy, the basic knowledge of inducing the structure of organic compounds and so on. Learning the course also helps the students to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve the practical problems by means of the concept of quantity in analytical chemistry and creative thoughts.

Textbook

Cotton, Frank A. Chemical Applications of Group Theory. 3rd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990. ISBN: 0471510947.

Problem Sets

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Exams

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Outline

Content	Requirement	Hours
Introduction	1．Knowing the quality and role of the analytical chemistry, the task and requirement of the course well 2．Mastering the basic characteristics of all kinds of analytical methods in analytical chemistry 3．Mastering the common steps of the analytical process 4．Knowing of the development, trend and the frontier field of analytical chemistry	1 academic hour
Errors in Analytical Chemistry and evaluation of Data	1．Mastering the expression of errors, the characteristics, reduction and judgment of determinate error andindeterminate error, the methods and approaches to improve the accuracy 2．Mastering the concepts, roles and the relationship between accuracy and precision, mastering the definition, role of confidence levels and confidence intervals and calculation of the confidence interval of the average value. 3．Mastering the methods to retain or reject the data, the methods to evaluate the quantitative analytical data, the concept of significant figures, the rules of arithmetic rounding off, the expression of measured results, the statistic law of the distribution of errors, and also the evaluation of the reliability of analytical methods. 4．Knowing the propagation of errors, the regression methods of calibration curve	3 academic hour
Titrimetric analysis	1．Mastering the characteristics, classification of titrimetric analysis, the requirements for reactions used in titrimetric analysis; the methods to prepare standard solution, the determination and expression of the concentration, primary standard and the requirements for preparing the standard solution directly, the difference between the stoichiometric point and the end point, four kinds of titration manner for titrimetric analysis and the corresponding calculation, the concept of titer and the calculation. 2．Mastering the fundamental principles of chemical equilibrium, the calculation of pH、pM、pX for the solutions，the prerequisite of the exact equation and the simplified equation for the calculation of pH, distribution coefficient and distribution curve, the side reactions in complexometric titration and the conditional formation constant, the relationship between the formation constant and the conditional formation constant, the concept of the minimum pH in complexometric titration and the corresponding calculation, the redox reaction and the conditional potential. 3．Mastering the calculation of titration curves, the end point and the titration break; mastering the factors that affect the titration break, the principles of all kinds of indicators and the rule of selection of indicators; mastering the requirements of the titration error and the direct titration. 4．Mastering the classical applications and calculation of all kinds of titrations	8 academic hour
Potentiometry	Mastering the characteristics, principles, calculation and application of potentiometry 1．Be familiar with the classification of electrodes，mastering the principles, structures and properties of reference electrodes, the principles and structures of membrane electrodes. Mastering the principles of potentials of the non-crystal membrane electrode (glass membrane electrode) and the crystal membrane electrode (fluoride ion-selective electrode), mastering the factors affecting membrane potential, the occurrence of asymmetric potential. Be familiar with the basic characteristics of the ion-selective electrodes, mastering the meaning, role and equation of the selectivity coefficient of the ion-selective electrodes, calculating the error of the interference ion by means of selectivity coefficient. 2．Mastering the measurement principle and calculation of the pH of solution, the role of the total ionic strength adjustment buffer; mastering the standard addition method and the corresponding calculation, mastering the determination of the stoichiometric point of potentiometric titration (the second differential method). 3．Knowing of principles, characteristics and application of electrogravimetric and coulometric analysis; knowing of the principles, characteristics and development polarography and voltammetry.	4 academic hour
Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry	1．Mastering the characteristics, principles, the method of determination and calculation of spectrophotometry. Mastering the molecular absorption spectrum and the kinds of electron transition, the selective absorption of light for materials，Lambert-Beer’s law，absorbance curve，molar absorptivity and absorptivity, absorbance and transmittance, the reasons of discrepancy of Lambert-Beer’s law. 2．Mastering the principle and components of spectrophotometer; mastering the role of each component the main types, and characteristics of spectrophotometer. Mastering color-developing reactions and the conditions, the choices of condition for determinations; knowing of the approaches to improve the sensitivity and selectivity. 3．Mastering the principles and characteristics of differential spectrophotometry; knowing of the methods of determination of other spectrophotometey. 4．Knowing of the role of Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry plays on the structure determinations of organic compounds, and on other ways.	4 academic hour
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry	1．Mastering the principles and characteristics of atomic absorption spectrophotometry; mastering the characteristic line of element, the parameters of absorption peak, the reasons of the broadening of absorption peak, and absorptivity at peak. Knowing of the relationship between the number of atoms at ground state and temperature; knowing of the basis of quantitative analysis of AA, and the common methods of quantitative analysis. 2．Mastering the main components of AA spectrophotometer and the role of each component; knowing of the types of AA spectrophotometer. 3．Mastering the basis of the selection of analytic condition, applications, and quantitative analysis; knowing of the types of interference and the corresponding elimination methods.	2 academic hour
Gas chromatography	1．Be familiar with the characteristics, classification and role of chromatography; understanding the separation process of chromatography; mastering the definition of distribution ratio, the relationship between the distribution ratio and the separation of components. 2．Be familiar with instrument of chromatography, mastering the basic parts, structure flow graph and the key part of gas chromatography；Mastering the component of the stationary phase, the classification of the stationary phase and its polarity; Mastering the structure, principle, characteristics of the thermal conductivity detector; Be familiar with the structure, principle and characteristics of the hydrogen flame ionization detector; Knowing of the structures, principles and characteristics of other detectors. 3．Mastering the plate theory, rate theory, resolution and the methods for evaluating the column efficiency, the factors that affect the column efficiency and the approaches to improve the column efficiency. Mastering the principles of selecting the operation conditions and the stationary phase; be able to analyze the effect of analytical separation by operation factors. Mastering the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis and knowing the strengths and limits of all kinds of quantitative analysis; knowing the relative correction factor. 4．Be familiar with the structure, flow process and characteristics of the capillary chromatography, knowing the difference between the capillary chromatography and the packed column chromatography; knowing the principle, structure, flow process, characteristics and types of liquid chromatography and its suitable separation objects. 5．Knowing of the principles and characteristics of other types of chromatography.	5 academic hour
Confirmation methods for structure of organic molecules	1．Mastering the conditions for generating the infrared spectroscopy； Mastering the vibrational types of the functional group of the molecules; understanding the factors that affect the peak position. Mastering the relationship between the infrared spectrum and the molecular structure, the methods for interpreting the infrared spectrum; Mastering the calculation of the degree of unsaturation and be able to determine the functional groups of the organic compounds according to the spectra. 2．Mastering the conditions for generating the nuclear magnetic resonance, the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and the chemical shift (for hydrogen), be familiar with the factors that affect the chemical shifts, spin-spin coupling and splitting; be able to analyze the information about the organic compounds according to the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra; be able to determine the structure of the organic compounds according to its NMR spectrum. 3．Mastering the principle of mass spectroscopy; knowing the basic rules of the cleavage of organic compounds; knowing the characteristics of the molecular ion peak and the determination method; knowing the deducing process of the mass spectrum. 4．Be able to determine the common organic compounds structures by using the information provieded by all kinds of spectra.	5 academic hour