Chapter 6 Cell Signaling

Outline

1. Overview of cell signaling
        A. Some of the basic characteristics of cell signaling
        B. The forms of cell communication--Different types of chemical
             signals can be received by cells
        C. Signal Molecules and Receptors
        D. Two types of intracellular signaling proteins that act as Molecular Switches.

2. Signal transdution mediated by the receptors within cells
       A. Some small hydrophobic hormones (steroid hormones)
            whose receprors are intracellular gene regulatory proteins.
       B. Nitric oxide couples G protein-linked receptor stimulation in
           endothelial cells to relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels

3. Signal transduction mediated by the receptors on the
      cell surface
       A. Mediated by the Ion-Linked Receptors which convert chemical
            signals into electrical ones
       B. Signal transduction mediated by G protein-linked receptors
       C. Cyclic AMP signaling pathway
       D. The pathway through phospholipase C results in a rise in intracellular Ca+
       E. Receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK) and RTK-Ras signaling pathway
     F. Jak-STAT signaling pathway

4. Signals that originate from contacts between the
     cell surface and the substratum
        A. Integrins are receptors at sites of cell-substrate and cell-cell contact.
        B. Controlling the assembly of focal adhesions

5. Convergence, divergence, and crosstalk among
     different signaling pathway
        A. Convergence
        B. Divergence
        C. Crosstalk

6. In actual fact, signaling pathways in the cell
     are much more complex.